The case before the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) arose in the form of a request from the High Court of England and Wales. The request was made for a preliminary ruling on various questions relating to the validity of Directive 2014/40/EU on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions …Read more

The applicant, an Icelandic national, was a taxi driver and resident in Reykjavik, Iceland. He refused to join an automobile association which, inter alia, protected taxi-cab drivers’ rights. Membership of the association was, under an Icelandic law passed in 1989, a prerequisite for acquisition of a taxi-cab driver’s license. The applicant complained that the subsequent refusal …Read more