McGinley (M) and Egan (E) were servicemen who had been present on a Pacific island in 1958 when atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons had been carried out (five in M’s case and one in that of E). During the tests service personnel had been ordered to line-up in the open and to face away from …Read more

The applicants, two tobacco companies in Canada, sought a stay in the form of interlocutory relief from compliance with the Tobacco Products Control Regulations, amendment until the Supreme Court renders its decision on the validity of the Tobacco Products Control Act (“the Act”). The Act came into force on January 1, 1989 with the purpose …Read more

Nicholas Toonen was a gay man, HIV/AIDS activist, and LGBT rights activist living in Tasmania. Tasmania criminalized same-sex sexual conduct among men under ss 122 and 123 its criminal code; it was the last remaining state or territory of Australia to do so, the remainder having repealed such laws. Toonen brought a communication before the …Read more

Article 7, § 2 of the law dated January 24, 1977 regulated the protection of consumer health and specifically gave the national legislature authority to regulate tobacco advertising. In 1980,  a special law was passed, which deemed the authority of the Communities under the Constitution to include the right to regulate “health education as well as …Read more

The Applicants were two Irish companies that provided counseling to pregnant women, Open Door Counselling Ltd. and Dublin Well Woman Centre Ltd.; two counselors who worked for Dublin Well Woman, Bonnie Maher and Ann Downes; and two women of childbearing age, Mrs. X and Mrs. Geraghty. The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children brought …Read more

The plaintiff, the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children, an Irish company whose purpose was to prevent the decriminalization of abortion, brought a suit against the defendants, including Stephen Grogan and fourteen other officers of Irish student organizations, for their distribution of “specific information relating to the identity and location of clinics” in other …Read more

LK Koolwal, the Petitioner, sought to enforce the Rajasthan Municipalities Act, 1959 (the Act) in the city of Jaipur. Under the Act, the Municipality has a duty to clean public places of all filth. The Petitioner contended that several areas in Jaipur were frought with sanitation problems and the Municipality was not performing its duties …Read more

Rudkin, a long-time employee of the defendant corporation, developed pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, or other asbestos-related illnesses from his work with asbestos. The defendant knew about the harms of exposure to asbestos, yet it hid that information from Rudkin and continued to encourage him to work in an unsafe environment. After Rudkin had developed an industrial …Read more

Appellants were parents of children who had attended Denmark public schools until they were refused exemption from the country’s compulsory sex education lessons. The parents claimed a violation of the right to education under Article 2 of Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) because the alternatives to public education included costly …Read more