The Appellant, Ophelia Azriel De’lonta (born Michael A. Stokes), a Virginia inmate suffering from gender identity disorder (GID) (also known as gender dysphoria or transsexualism), brought suit against the Respondents, the Director of and doctors at the Virginia Department of Corrections (VDOC), alleging that they inflicted cruel and unusual punishment on her, in violation of …Read more

Applicants, family members of an individual addicted to heroin who died in prison, alleged that the State violated Articles 3 (freedom from torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) and 13 (right to effective remedy) of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) because the prisoner, Ms. …Read more

Plaintiff filed suit alleging that Defendants deprived him of HIV medication on two occasions during his incarceration at the Camp Pharsalia Correctional Facility. The first deprivation occurred in October 1998 and lasted seven days, resulting from a delay in refilling Plaintiff’s prescriptions. The second occurred in January 1999, when Plaintiff’s medication was confiscated during a …Read more

The Plaintiffs were the AIDS Access Foundation, a non-governmental organization committed to protecting the rights and welfare of people living with HIV, and two persons living with HIV. The Defendant, Bristol Myers-Squibb, is a multinational pharmaceutical company based in the United States. The Court also summoned the Department of Intellectual Property as co-defendant. Defendant Bristol …Read more

The Constitutional Court was asked to determine whether the appellant (Government) was required to give effect, pending an appeal, to an order of the High Court which directed it to make the drug nevirapine available to mothers and their newborn babies in public health facilities under certain circumstances and conditions. The order concerned the programme …Read more

The government of South Africa developed a national public health program to address mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The purpose of the program was to offer HIV-positive pregnant women nevirapine, a drug that prevents the transmission of HIV at birth, free of charge. The program was, however, limited in scope. It only offered nevirapine at certain …Read more

The Appellant, Montgomery, was an inmate at the East Jersey State Prison (the Prison). Montgomery suffered from a heart condition and was HIV-positive. He brought these proceedings against prison administrative officials, the private corporate entity providing medical care to the prison (CMS), and a physician employed by CMS as an independent contractor at the prison. …Read more

Applicant Mr. Zdzislaw Nitecki was a Polish national diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, in 1976. In June 1999, he was prescribed the drug Rilutek to treat his ALS. He appealed to the Kujawsko-Pomorski Health Insurance Fund (“Fund”) to reimburse his out-of-pocket costs, noting that, as a pensioner, he …Read more