A motion for an interlocutory injunction was brought to prevent the City of Toronto from enforcing its By-law that prohibited camping and erecting tents, structures, and shelters in City parks, City of Toronto Municipal Code, c. 608. The applicants did not challenge the validity of the By-law but sought an order to have it suspended …Read more

The applicants appealed a decision affirming the constitutionality of Brian’s Law (Mental Health Legislative Reform), 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 9. (“Brian’s Law”), which was enacted by the Ontario legislature in 2000. Brian’s Law amended the Mental Health Act (“MHA”), adding provisions that expanded criteria for involuntary committal in a psychiatric hospital and introduced community treatment …Read more

The applicants’ claim was based on s. 27(1)(b) of the Constitution – the right to sufficient food and water, which they submitted found further expression in the provisions of the Water Services Act 108 of 1997 (“WSA”). Their complaint argued that farm occupiers and labour tenants, especially the applicants, lacked “access to sufficient water, basic …Read more

The applicant, Mr. Slavko Krajnc, was a professional truck driver in Celje, Slovenia. On September 29, 2003, Krajnc was deemed to have “category III work-related disability” as a result of his epilepsy, which rendered him unable to work as a truck driver. Accordingly, he had the right to be assigned to a different, more suitable …Read more

The applicant, born in Uzbekistan. His family (except him) acquired Russian nationality but he continued to live with his grandfather in Uzbekistan. After his grandfather died, he moved to Russia in 2011. He was found to be HIV-positive and the authority denied his applicant for temporary residency. His challenges to the orders were dismissed and …Read more

The applicants are husband and wife and wanted to try assisted reproduction at a private clinic. The applicant’s embryos were obtained and freezed for future use by the applicant. A criminal investigation led to the closure of the said clinic. During that process, all genetic material including the applicant’s embryos were transferred to a forensic …Read more

The plaintiff Ms. X was a Timorese national. She was convicted for the crime of aggravated homicide for fatally stabbing her partner, D.S. with whom she had a child. D.S., who was a member of the Timor-Leste Defense Force was contended to have had physically abused the Plaintiff for years and she alleged self-defense after …Read more

Petitioners, by means of a writ petition, challenged Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (‘IPC’), which made “carnal intercourse against the order of nature” a criminal offense punishable with life imprisonment. Petitioners argued that homosexuality, bisexuality, and other sexual orientations are equally natural and reflective of expression of choice and individuals should have the …Read more

The applicants’ daughter suffered from cardiac problems when she was 1 year old and received treatment for it in children’s hospital. The first applicant (father) signed a consent form for a surgery of her daughter. The consent form entailed the risks. A further operation was conducted after obtaining a similar form from the father. After …Read more

The applicants are husband (Campanelli) and wife (Paradiso). After unsuccessful attempts at having a child, they registered themselves as prospective adoptive parents and obtained court approval to adopt a foreign child. Due to delays in the adoption, the applicants decided to resort to surrogacy arrangements. A surrogate mother was found in Russia and the applicants …Read more

The 2nd and 3rd plaintiffs are husband and the wife. The 2nd plaintiff delivered two babies in the defendant hospital’s general ward but was discharged with only one baby. The defendants state that one of the babies was stillborn. The 2nd and the 3rd plaintiffs filed a police report for the loss their baby and …Read more

The second and the third applicants in this case were the parents of the first applicant (CG) who was born healthy in 2016 but encountered severe health problems thereafter, for which he remained hospitalized by the time the case was brought before the European Court of Human Rights (the ECHR). CG suffered from a rare …Read more

The first applicant-Novruk, a Moldovian national after his first marriage and divorce, married Ms. S, a Russian national. The applicant discovered that he was HIV positive. Ms. S had a daughter from previous marriage and also was a foster mother to nine orphaned children. Some of the children were HIV positive. The applicant applied for …Read more

The applicant suffered from cancer and underwent mastectomy of her left breast. After two years, she experienced pain in the left side of her chest. After undergoing two bone scintigraphies, a pathological uptake of radioactive tracer was found in her sixth rib. A computerized tomography showed metastasis in the eighth and the ninth rib contrary …Read more

The applicants in this case were Russian nationals; the first applicant being the mother to her deceased daughter (Ms. A.S.) and the other two applicants were grandmothers to the deceased. In January, the deceased faced a severe car accident for which she underwent emergency surgery and resuscitation but continued to be in an unconscious state. …Read more

The issue of the case was whether AM, deceased daughter of IM and MM, gave sufficient informed consent to export her gametes to the U.S. to be fertilized there using a donor selected by her parents and used in the treatment of in vitro fertilization of her mother, IM. Even if it found that AM …Read more

The applicants appealed a decision to terminate artificial nutrition and hydration for their son, who was in a chronic vegetative state. In 2013, Mr. Lambert’s doctor and wife initiated proceedings to terminate care under the Act of 22 April 2005 (“Act”), which amended provisions of the Public Health Code (“Code”). However, the applicants received an …Read more

The Claimant was a male-to-female transgendered woman who challenged the requirement that she was recorded as the father on her children’s birth certificates. Following the birth of her daughter, but before the birth of her son, the Claimant decided to live as a man and changed her name to a female name. The Claimant was …Read more

The petitioners were same-sex couples from various U.S. states who challenged the constitutionality of bans on same-sex marriage in those states. They claimed that the bans violated the Due Process and Equal Protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Due Process Clause protects individuals from the arbitrary denial of life, …Read more

The plaintiff Urgenda, a foundation committed to a more sustainable society, brought a claim on behalf of over 800 individuals against the defendant, the state of the Netherlands, regarding climate change. Specifically, the plaintiff asked the court to rule that it would be unlawful for the defendant not to reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by …Read more

The petitioners were two women who gave birth and were detained by Pumwani Hospital when they could not pay maternity fees in full upon discharge. The first petitioner was referred to the hospital with a potential breech birth and was detained for 24 days after discharge when she was unable to pay her hospital bill. …Read more

The applicant’s husband died in a car accident. She saw her husband’s body when he was transported from the Forensic department. His legs were tied and he was buried like that. After two years, criminal inquiry into illegal removal of organs and tissues were ensued by the Police. The applicant was told that her husband …Read more

The plaintiffs filed a guarantee of protection of individual constitutional rights (amparo protection) with the First Instance Court of the Province of Mendoza to condemn the Health Insurance of Public Personnel [Obra Social de Empleados Públicos – O.S.E.P] to provide comprehensive coverage of the assisted reproductive treatment by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with pre-implantation genetic diagnostic …Read more

After giving birth to a child with Down syndrome, the Petitioner (a forty years old woman) alleged that she was denied adequate and timely medical care in the form of antenatal screening tests. She claimed that her doctor failed to refer her for proper prenatal testing in accordance with the medical protocols in place. According to …Read more

Three Namibian women who were all pregnant and HIV-positive were sterilized at State hospitals after giving birth. The women claimed they were sterilized without their informed consent, and that they were sterilized due to their HIV-positive status. The first woman said that her doctor (through her nurse) told her that all HIV-positive women must have …Read more

I.V. went to a hospital for a cesarean section and was sterilized by her doctor. She alleged that the only questions that the doctor had asked her before the procedure were where she had her first cesarean section and whether she had previously had an infection. I.V. maintained that she was not given any information …Read more

From 1968 to early 2003 the applicants were employees at the state-owned Malta Drydocks Corporation (MDC), where they alleged they were exposed to asbestos. The applicants also alleged that the asbestos particles settled in their clothing and were carried home, affecting their private life. Asbestos had been known to be dangerous since the 1950s, however, …Read more

The plaintiff filed a guarantee of protection of individual constitutional rights (amparo protection) against the IAPOS (Instituto Autárquico Provincial de Obras Sociales) to provide coverage for all expenditures that could arise from a reproductive assisted treatment and to cover the amounts paid for such treatment. The First Instance Civil and Commercial Court granted the amparo protection. …Read more

The plaintiff filed a guarantee of protection of individual constitutional rights (amparo protection) against the Social Security and Health Office of the Navy [DIBA – Dirección de Salud y Acción Social de la Armada] to condemn coverage for all expenditures that could arise from a reproductive assisted treatment in the PROAR Medical Institute, limiting the …Read more

The applicant’s son at the age of 23 was in a car accident and sustained very serious injuries. He had to be operated on but his condition became worse after her surgery and he died. After a few months, she discovered that her son’s kidneys and spleen had been removed for organ transplantation after his …Read more

The applicant in this case was an Italian national who had lodged a claim before the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on his capacity as a guardian of his daughter who had been suffering from degenerative cerebral illness. The applicant requested a domestic court for an order mandating his daughter’s treatment with stem cells …Read more

The respondents, three Namibian HIV positive pregnant women, were sterilized while undergoing emergency caesareans. The respondents each signed a consent form, which included consent to the caesarean operation and sterilization through bilateral tubal ligation (BLT) but claimed that they did not provide informed consent which is required for sterilization to be considered lawful. The first …Read more

Lashin, a Russian citizen, was diagnosed with schizophrenia, given a 2nd degree disability status, and hospitalised multiple times. A hospital examination concluded that Lashin was incapable of understanding the meaning of his actions and unable to control them. Following an application by the public prosecutor, the District Court of Omsk declared Lashin legally incapacitated at …Read more

Plaintiffs in this case were husband and wife. When G.B. was giving birth at the Stefan-Vodă regional hospital, a state-owned regional hospital, the head of the obstetrics and gynecology department preformed a Caesarean section on her and removed her ovaries and Fallopian tubes without obtaining her permission. As a result, G.B. suffered early menopause and …Read more